The economy of the province of Trapani is mainly based on agriculture, with large areas cultivated with wine grapes (being the province with the largest area of vineyards in Italy) and olive trees, and tourism. 

The province of Trapani covers around 134 thousand hectares of total agricultural area (SAT) (9.5% of the regional SAT) and 137.4 thousand hectares of utilised agricultural area (UAA) (about 10% of the regional UAA).  

The UAA is mainly constituted of vines (40%) and permanent crops (20%, mainly olives), winter wheat (15%) and the UAA component of grassland, forage and pastureland accounts for about 22%. Although including a highly specialised agriculture, the province is characterised by the presence of the Terre degli Elìmi Biodistrict, which includes 16 municipalities. 

The agro-food industry represents an important component of the local economy, particularly linked to high quality traditional products, many of which are PDO and PGI certified (21 in all). Among the PDO products are the wines Salaparuta, Alcamo, Delia Nivolelli, Erice, Pantelleria, Marsala, the Pantelleria caper, the olive of Nocellara del Belice and the Valle del Belice extra virgin olive oil, the pasta filata cheese Vastedda del Belice, the extra virgin olive oil Valli Trapanesi and finally the Sea Salt of Trapani PGI. These productions are also key drivers of sectors such as tourism, catering, hotel hospitality, handicrafts, artistic and cultural activities. 

The agri-food system is, in fact, strongly connected to tourism activity in which the Egadi Islands, Pantelleria, and the considerable natural and cultural resources of the entire province play an important role.